Liu, Yi
Zhu, Quanjie
Wei, Quande
Yang, Guangyu
Zhang, Yichao
Hao, Qilin
Jiang, Dongsheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
the S&T Innovation and Development Project of Information Institution of Ministry of Emergency Management (2024510)
the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2023508021)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (3142021002, 3142024005)
the Key Science and Technology Program of the Ministry of Emergency Management (2024EMST070702)
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.