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Authors
Bi, Shaojie
Meng, Guiyue
Wei, Ning
Zhou, Qingbo
Wang, Chunyan
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was not required, as the data were sourced from historical records and anonymized.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Shandong University [No. KYLL-2023(KJ)P-1792, 2023-10-20].
