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Authors
Wang, Zhonghua
Liu, Ziwen
Lv, Mengxin
Wang, Yulin
Yu, Yuanzi
Li, Tao
Hu, Jinhua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation project in China (No. ZR2020MH053)
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.
: Not applicable. Patients were not required to give informed consent for that the study used retrospective clinical data and no ethical issues or other conflicts of interest were encountered.
: This retrospective clinical study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Given the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for written informed consent.
