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Authors
Iqbal, Javed
Hashmi, Zarqa Farooq
Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, Pirita
Asghar, Muhammad Zaheer
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Board, School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No. IERB-SED/2205/2023) approved on 22 May 2023, and institutional permissions were obtained to distribute the survey. The research followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the study, comprehensive information about the research was given to students, and their consent and agreement were gained.
