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Article History

Received: 1 January 2025

Accepted: 10 September 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ambo University Ethical Review Board (reference number AU/CPG/056/2016, dated 15/01/2024) prior to the commencement of data collection. Permission to collect data was also obtained from the hospital management. Each study participant received a detailed explanation of the study’s title, purpose, procedures, and duration, along with the potential risks and benefits. Informed consent was obtained verbally, in writing, and with a signed document before any interviews or measurements were conducted. Participants were informed that anonymized responses would be published. Confidentiality was ensured by excluding any personally identifiable information from the questionnaires and conducting interviews in a secure, private setting. Personal identifiers and other data elements were separated to safeguard privacy. Participants’ rights were protected throughout the interview process. Any ethical concerns that arose during the study were addressed through ongoing discussions between the researcher and the Ambo University Ethical Review Board. The researcher adhered to all academic and ethical standards throughout the study.