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Authors
Qiao, Meng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1186-0439
Yan, Zhaoshuai https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7842-6066
Tan, Chaoren https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-3268
Lei, Chao https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0429-0695
Peng, Wenxi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7318-7860
Geng, Xingguang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-1936
Xiang, Xinghua
Yang, Wei
Zhang, Yitao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6022-7720
Wang, Zhifei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-1070
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes (Z0648)
Core Electronic Devices, High-end General-purpose Chips and Basic Software Products (2018ZX01031301-201-003)
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: In the submitted manuscript, experiments involving human subjects have received ethics approval. This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (C19007/PJ06), the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (2020HL-048-01/2020HL-059), and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethical Review No. 49, 2020). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was conducted in accordance with the following guidelines and regulations: Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association (WMA). Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016), issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China. Norms on Quality Management of Drug Clinical Trials (2003), issued by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). Norms on Quality Management for the Clinical Trials of Medical Devices (2016), issued by the CFDA. International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans, developed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO).
