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Authors
Dhiman, Gaurav https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-9942
Routray, Abhinandan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The author has given their consent to publish this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. The work presented in this manuscript is mathematical modeling only for the proposed biosensor. No experiment was performed on the human body and living organism/ animal. So, ethical approval from an ethical committee is not required.
: The authors are willing to participate in the work presented in this manuscript.
