Cheng, Jing
Feng, Danni
Zheng, Danli
Hu, Luhong
Yuan, Fang
Xiao, Yaru
Zhu, Shan
Liu, Xiaohong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province (No. 2022CFB278)
the Research Fund Nursing Special Project of Tongji Hospital (2024D08, 2023D48)
the Second Clinical College Fund of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2023009)
Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed written consent was collected from all participants in the study and their participation was kept anonymous. The study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China (approval number: TJ-IRB202401086).