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Authors
Xu, Kai
Chen, Xiang
Luo, Gaofeng
Hu, Xuebing
Li, Yong
Dai, Feng
Chen, Junchao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
major transportation construction engineering research project of Zhejiang Provincial Transportation Department (2023-GCKY-08, 2023-GCKY-08, 2023-GCKY-08, 2023-GCKY-08, 2023-GCKY-08)
Qinghai provincial science and technology plan project (2023-SF-127, 2023-SF-127, 2023-SF-127)
Transportation science and technology project of Zhejiang Provincial Department (2023002, 2023002, 2023002)
National Engineering Research Center of Road Tunnel (NERCRT202301, NERCRT202301)
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors confirms that the work described in this paper has not been published elsewhere, nor is it under consideration by another publisher.
: Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, the authors grant the Publisher an exclusive license to publish this article.
