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Authors
Liu, Zhiming
Sulaiman, Tajularipin
Che Nawi, Nur Raihan
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Department of Curriculum and Instruction Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 2023.21540025). The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
