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Authors
Udomkarnjananun, Suwasin
Chuaypen, Natthaya
Metta, Kamonchanok
Dissayabutra, Thasinas
Sodsai, Pimpayao
Kittiskulnam, Piyawan
Tangkijvanich, Pisit
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation (PMU-B, grant number B36G660010)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: This study received approval from the Ethical Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (IRB No. 0436/66). It was conducted following international guidelines for human research protection, as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, The Belmont Report, the CIOMS Guideline, and the International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
