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Authors
Yang, Rui
Lv, Dongping
Wang, Xiaoming
An, Dong
Pearce, Elizabeth N.
Chen, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-412X
Zhang, Wanqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-1137
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant No.82273629)
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health (2020ENKL01)
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Parents or guardians were required to provide written informed consent and to sign informed consent regarding publishing children’s data and photographs. The Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University approved the survey (No. TMUhMEC 2022011).
