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Authors
Hussein, Nasir
Shiferaw, Kasiye
Lonsako, Arega Abebe
Nour, Tahir Yousuf
Mezmur, Haymanot
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of the College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, (Reference Number: IHRERC/087/2023). and was subsequently delivered to the Somali Regional Education Bureau (SREB) and Jigjiga city administrations for their official approval. Letters were prepared and submitted to the local authorities of the selected schools. Signed, voluntary, written, Informed consent was obtained from each participant. For participants under the age of 18 years, informed, voluntary, written, and signed consent was obtained from their parents or guardians. Confidentiality was maintained at all levels of the study. Participant selection was based on their willingness to participate, and they were fully informed of the voluntary nature of the study, including their right to withdraw at any time.
