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Authors
Liang, Qing
Zhao, Jingding
Yang, Fang
Chen, Xianjun
Song, Yang
Shi, Zewen
Pang, Qingjiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics and Exercise Rehabilitation，Project (2024L004, 2024L004, 2024L004, 2024L004, 2024L004, 2024L004, 2024L004)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (revised 2013) and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningbo No.2 Hospital (Approval No.: SL-NBEY-KYSB-2024–181-01). All participants provided written informed consent compliant with the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision), including consent for publication of identifiable facial images in an online open-access publication.
