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Authors
Muhammed, Oumer Sada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-898X
Serbessa, Mirgissa Kaba
Fenta, Teferi Gedif
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Addis Ababa University
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, and the research Ethics Review Committee of School of pharmacy. It was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Confidentiality, neutrality, anonymity, accountability, and academic honesty were maintained throughout the study.
: Submission of the manuscript implies that the author(s) have read and agreed to the terms outlined in the journal’s author agreement, including consent for publication.
