Zhang, Xinwei
Wang, Zeen
Yi, Kechuan
Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of Anhui Science and Technology University. The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number: AHSTU-2024-AGR-015, approved on March 15, 2024). All experimental procedures involving seed treatment and electromagnetic field exposure were conducted following the institutional safety guidelines for agricultural research. The study involved only plant materials (corn seeds) and did not require animal or human subject approval. All electromagnetic field exposure levels were maintained within safety limits established by international standards (IEC 62311:2020). The research protocol was registered with the University Agricultural Research Safety Board under registration number ARSB-2024-078.