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Authors
Zhou, Zhen https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7860-4831
Guo, Huifen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4938-8021
Ma, Fengqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-2034
Yang, Chen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4692-2318
Gao, Yuhan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9107-6696
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (23JDSZ3200, 23JDSZ3200)
Macao funding schemes granted by the Science and Technology Development Fund (0071/2023/RIB3)
the Joint Research Funding Program between the Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) and the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2024) (0003-2024-AGJ)
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research project has received ethical approval from the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Education, Guangzhou University (GZHUSE2024001). Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants included in this study.
