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Authors
Liu, Ruikang
Yang, Guangyi
Sun, Chiyun
Li, Jun
Zhang, Wenjie
Huang, Xuanchun
Meng, Chao
Liu, Yiying
Su, Lilan
Jiang, Hanyu
Xue, Tiantian
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Article History
Received: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures conducted in studies involving human participants adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The original CHARLS study received approval from the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University, and all participants provided signed informed consent before their involvement in CHARLS.
