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Article History

Received: 22 February 2025

Accepted: 19 September 2025

First Online: 27 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board Committee of An-Najah National University [IRB Reference #: Mas. Oct. 2021/37]. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. The consent process included providing both written and verbal explanations of the study objectives, procedures, and potential implications. Participants were assured that their information would be kept strictly confidential and used only for scientific purposes. They were informed of their full right to refuse participation or to withdraw from the study at any stage without providing reasons and without any harm or consequences. Participants were also given the opportunity to ask questions before agreeing to participate, ensuring that their decision was fully voluntary and based on adequate understanding. Permissions were granted from the hospitals involved. All methodologies adhered to ethical standards set by institutional and national research committees, following the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions or equivalent ethical guidelines.