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Authors
Lee, Yeon-Hee
Auh, Q-Schick
Jeon, Seonggwang
Jang, Seong-Woo
Kim, Tae-Seok
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kyung Hee University (KHU-20251299)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that this study was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.
: The research protocol was reviewed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital in Seoul, South Korea (IRB No-KH-DT23016). For participants under the age of 18, informed consent for study participation was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For minors, consent was provided by a parent or legal guardian in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines.
