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Authors
Ismail, Horeya Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-2165
Arafa, Mostafa Ahmed
Tahoun, Mohamed Mostafa
Shama, Ahmed Nabil
Elsaid, Amr Abdel Aziz
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, with IRB number 00013692 and Ethical Approval number AU0923926267, issued on 26/09/2023.
: All participants were informed with the purpose and nature of the study, the privacy and confidentiality of data, and participation was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
