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Authors
Zhang, Yi
Zhang, Kai
Chai, Lirong
Hu, Xiaolin
Kong, Weizheng
Wang, Weijing
Zhang, Dongfeng
Fan, Junning
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82304226)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH188)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M731839)
Mount Taishan Scholar Youth Program (No. tsqn202306179)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Innovation Project (QDBSH20230102012)
Qingdao University Scientific Research Startup Fund (DC2200002531)
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/03820) and all participants provided written informed consent to participate in the UK Biobank study. The study protocol is available online ( ). This work was conducted under the UK Biobank application number 95715.
