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Authors
Lv, Chengyu
Zhang, Yinchao
Bai, Tong
Xu, Linze
Wu, Dandan
Zhang, Jin
Bai, Yu
Shen, Yunzhi
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential competing interests.
: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tianjin Third Central Hospital Ethics Committee. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments (as revised in 2024) and complied with the STROBE guidelines for observational research.
: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized clinical data.
