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Authors
Pu, Yan
Zheng, Qiang
Yi, Ting
Tang, Xianming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the research program of Changsha Natural Science Foundation (num: kq2208313, num: kq2208313, num: kq2208313)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (No. 2025ZZTS0961)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board (ERB) of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). This study utilized publicly available NHANES data and did not involve new interventions on human subjects. Therefore, clinical trial registration was not required.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Participants signed an informed consent form for the release of their data.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in NHANES.
