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Authors
Kumara, Mitiku Getachew
Debelew, Gurmesa Tura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-3804
Ademe, Beyene Wondafrash
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jimma University (1090)
Jimma University (1090)
Jimma University (1090)
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2024
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures used in human clinical data studies adhered to the institutional and national research committee’s ethical requirements, the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and subsequent revisions or comparable ethical standards. The IRB of Jimma University (Ref No JUIH/IRB/587/23) and the Institutional Review Committee of Wallaga University (Ref No CMHS/21/2014 GC) waived the written informed consent requirements and ethics approval or were deemed unnecessary according to national regulations as the data used were secondary data from a patient’s records.
