Ayub, Ayesha
Abidin, Zuhairiah Zainal
Alhammadi, Abdulraqeb
Khan, Muhammad Asim
Soliman, Naglaa F.
Ghazali, Nurul Bashirah
Algarni, Abeer D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/ICT02/UTHM/02/3)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers (PNURSP2025R66)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.