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Article History

Received: 25 January 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was ethically approved by the Research Council (Code: 37771) and the Ethics Committee (Code: IR.BPUMS.REC.1395.5) of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Prior to questionnaire administration, all the participants were provided informed consent about the study’s objectives and methodology, and their participation was entirely voluntary. They were free to withdraw from the study at any time. Participants were assured that their information would remain confidential and anonymous and would be used solely for scientific purposes. Additionally, in the event of any concerns or signs of psychological distress, participants were referred to the university’s counselling services and other accredited support services to ensure access to professional assistance. These measures were implemented to uphold the ethical principles of research and to safeguard the mental well-being of the participants. The research adhered strictly to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Furthermore, artificial intelligence was used solely for translation purposes, while the entire manuscript was edited by a professional English language specialist. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript. The Helsinki Declaration was observed in this study. It should also be noted that artificial intelligence was used solely for translation purposes. The translated content was subsequently reviewed and edited word by word by an English language expert.