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Authors
Abuye, Temesgen
Lonsako, Arega Abebe https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3312-399X
Cheru, Abera
Gobena, Tesfaye
Ashenafi, Wondimye
Tafesse, Obsan Kassa
Kasse, Tsehaynew
Dereje, Jerman
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for the study was approved by the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee (IHRERC) at Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences (Reference Number: IHRERC/001/2023). Permission to collect data was also obtained from the Damboya District Health Office and local health centres, in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki 36 . Informed, voluntary, written, and signed consent was obtained from mothers or caretakers of the children after they were provided with a clear explanation of the study’s purpose and procedures. The confidentiality of all participants was strictly maintained, and the collected data were used solely for the objectives of this research.
