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Authors
Alzubaidi, Osamah Thamer Hassan
Alhashimi, Hayder Faeq
Alheejawi, Salah
Hindia, Mhd Nour
Dimyati, Kaharudin
Noordin, Kamarul Ariffin
Nasser, Ahmed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Malaysia, (FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UM/01/2)
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2018/TK04/UM/02/1)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
