Xin, Dongfeng
Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines for industrial data research. The research involved analysis of operational data from chemical engineering construction projects with all proprietary and sensitive information anonymized prior to analysis. No human subjects were directly involved in this study. The data collection and analysis procedures were reviewed and approved by the internal research ethics committee of Huajin Aramco Petrochemical Company Limited (Approval Reference: HAPC-2024-IRB-07). All data handling procedures complied with relevant industrial data protection standards and organizational confidentiality requirements.