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Authors
Carranza, Angelica F.
McMillan, Sarah J.
Guyer, Amanda E.
Hastings, Paul D.
Robins, Richard W.
Swartz, Johnna R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (3R01MH123530-02S1, R01MH123530, R01MH123530, R01MH123530, R01MH123530)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2024
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were approved by the UC Davis IRB and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations; parents provided informed consent and adolescents provided informed assent before beginning study procedures, and once the adolescent participants turned 18 they provided informed consent.
