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Authors
Liao, YuanJian
Zuo, MingShun
Xu, Te
Zhu, YongPan
Tang, JiaJia
Fan, LongMei
Zhang, Neng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China ((Grant No. 81860524))
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood sample), and all participants provided written consent.
