Fantaye, Fitsum Tariku https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-7269
Sene, Kelemua Menegesha https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7479-7318
Damtew, Solomon Abrha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-7348
Article History
Received: 17 April 2024
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involved a secondary analysis of deidentified data from the PMA in Ethiopia. The PMA Ethiopia survey was conducted strictly under the ethical rules and regulations of the World Health Organization and IIRB of the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI). Informed consent was obtained from the respondents. PMA was also administered after ethical approval was obtained from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA.