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Authors
El Jamal, Nadim
Brooks, Thomas G.
Mrčela, Antonijo
Genuardi, Michael V.
FitzGerald, Garret A.
Skarke, Carsten
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001878)
University of Pennsylvania Health System
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: CS is the Robert L. McNeil Jr. Fellow in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics. GAF is the McNeil Professor of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The MIMIC IV study was approved by the institutional review board at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and was granted a waiver of informed consent.
