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Authors
ElNemer, William
Ghaith, Abdul Karim
Khalilullah, Taha
Yang, Lansaol
Zaitoun, Khaled
Dardick, Joseph
Khalife, Jawad M.
Ahmed, A. Karim
Xia, Yuanxuan
Azad, Tej D.
Theodore, Nicholas
Lubelski, Daniel
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This is an observational study. The Johns Hopkins Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.
: Consent to participate is not required since this is a large, national, publicly available, deidentified database.
: All images are the authors own work.
