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Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 8 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The author/s declare that they have no competing interests.

: This study was an analysis of the deidentified secondary data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. The data was publicly available, and does not include any form of personally identifiable information. The original LASI survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Indian Council for Medical Research. Informed consent and the consent to use data for the purpose of secondary research was obtained from participants during the survey. The data cleaning, analysis and the procedures reporting findings ensured protecting participant privacy. The deidentified data used in this analysis was obtained through a formal application to the LASI nodal agency, thus no additional ethics committee approval was requested.

: Not applicable.