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Authors
Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha
Fadel, Shaza A.
Di Ruggiero, Erica
Brown, Patrick
Tesema, Facil
Yilma, Tesfahun Melese
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board [ERC 1409/2018]. In addition, the proposal is submitted to each HDSS sites and approved. The board members in the three HDSS sites reviewed based on their data sharing policy of each HDSS sites and accepted accordingly. Informed consent was taken from the three HDSS to take the secondary data in accordance with the guidelines and regulations outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All data were kept confidential and data containing personal identifiers of motherhood are not shared with third parties.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
