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Article History

Received: 18 July 2025

Accepted: 8 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All plant materials used in this study, specifically olive pruning residues, are agricultural waste generated during routine pruning operations. These materials are not from endangered or protected species and hold no commercial or conservation value. Their collection and use complied fully with all relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.

: All authors are approval in participation in this research.

: All authors consent of publication of the research paper.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Authors are agreeing to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to the journal.