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Authors
Liang, Yingcong
Shi, Changhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (12001129)
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Ethics Review Board of the NCHS approved the data collection for this study based on publicly available data from the NHANES. Since the study used secondary analysis of pre-existing data, no further ethical approval was required.
: Written informed consent was given by each survey respondent.
