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Article History

Received: 30 July 2025

Accepted: 9 October 2025

First Online: 20 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: No animals were sacrificed specifically for the purpose of this study. Two lungs were obtained from an approved animal experiment using a sarcoma mini-pig model (animal permit number: 55.2-2532.Vet_02-18-33) following the completion of the study. All other lungs were sourced from a licensed slaughterhouse. These specimens underwent routine veterinary inspection and were handled under the same hygiene standards as fresh meat. Storage, transport, handling, and disposal of animal by-products were registered with the responsible veterinary authority. All procedures complied with applicable national (German) legislation. Pigs from the slaughterhouse were euthanised using a captive bolt pistol. The sarcoma model pigs received intramuscular injections of ketamine (20 mg/kg body weight) and azaperone (2 mg/kg body weight), were rendered unconscious by a captive bolt gun, and subsequently exsanguinated.

: All authors have reviewed the manuscript and gave their consent for publication.