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Authors
Lu, Robert X.
Ibrahim, Abdullah
Rueppell, Olav
Plettner, Erika
Pernal, Stephen F.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada Graduate Scholarship - Master’s)
Project Apis m.
Alberta Beekeepers Commission
Canadian Bee Research Fund
Bee Maid Honey
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (J-002739)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: RXL, AI, OR, SFP have no competing interests to declare. Application of 3c { 3 , 6 } as an acaricide in bee hives is covered by a patent (US 11,540,515 B2, PCT application CA2019/050908) invented by EP and assigned to Simon Fraser University. The use of 3c { 3 , 6 } as an acaricide in beehives is under consideration in Patent Cooperation Treaty application PCT_CA2019_050908, and is patented in the USA: US_11,540,515 B2. EP has assigned the IP to SFU.
