Kim, SangJune
Ismail, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed
Jung, Seohyeon
Mohammedahmed, Hajrhma Ismael Hajrhma
Lee, KeonHoon
Cha, Seungman
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea International Cooperation Agency
Article History
Received: 14 December 2024
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study received IRB approval from the National Research Ethics Review Committee, Sudan (approved on December 28, 2022: Number: 6-9-22). Prior to enrolling the study population, we obtained informed consent from each household. In cases where an individual was unable to provide informed consent due to age under five, written informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians or parents.