Zheng, Zhuo
Xia, Jinhong
Luo, Jiawei
Du, Lei
Zhou, Xiaobo
Yang, Xiaoyan
Xia, Yan
Liu, Mengyao
Huang, Shixin
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023YFS0200, 2021YFS0091)
the Center of Excellence-International Collaboration Initiative Grant at West China Hospital, Sichuan University (139170052)
the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYAI24070)
Chongqing medical scientific research project (2025QNXM034)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV databases were publicly released after receiving approval from the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, USA.