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Authors
Kar, Debasish
Molokhia, Mariam
Wierzbicki, Anthony
Koziell, Ania
Byng, Richard
Spicer, Stuart
Farina, Nicolas
Pinkney, Jonathan
Song, Soon
Zabeen, Bedowra
Kar, Shubharthi
Jonnagaddala, Jitendra
Liaw, Siaw-Teng
El-Wazir, Aya
Nath, Mintu
Khan, Moien A. B.
Sheikh, Aziz
de Lusignan, Simon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2023-24-001)
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK Biobank received ethical approval from the Northwest Multicentre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 11/NW/03820), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: All UKB study participants consented to their data being used for medical research and publication.
