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Authors
Zhu, Pengcheng
Zhang, Zhilei
Chen, Tielin
Wang, Rongxin
Zhang, Dingli
Zhu, Li
Guo, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Energy Shuohuang Railway Development Co., Ltd.Science and Technology Innovation Fund (SHYP-23-01)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51738002)
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests, All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its submission. 'There are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication, and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
