Chen, Gang
Wu, Mengquan
Liu, Longxing
Wang, Shikuan
Wang, Xiang
Zhang, Xuqing
Lv, Jinyi
Tang, Yijie
Liu, Bowen
Kan, Hongyu
Ran, Yuying
Lai, Huining
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42071385)
the National Science and Technology Major Project of High-Resolution Earth Observation System (No. 79-Y50-G18-9001-22/23)
the Research Topics of Yantai City Smart City Innovation Lab (No. 202310-04-ZHCS-01)
the Shandong Science and Technology SMEs Technology Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project (2022TSGC2317)
Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.