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Authors
Wan Mohamad Darani, Wan Nur Syamimi
Mat Ruzlin, Aimi Nadira
Azhar, Zahir Izuan
Chen, Xin Wee
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The present trial received ethical approvals from the University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Research Ethics Committee (REC/05/2022 (ST/MR/85)) and the National Medical Research Register, Ministry of Health, Malaysia (RSCH ID-22-01243-BV2). Study site approval was also obtained from the respective campuses. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki 27 . Upon voluntary agreement to participate, all study participants provided written informed consent.
