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Article History

Received: 24 May 2025

Accepted: 19 October 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Ethics Committee of Wuhan University waived the requirement for ethics approval, analysis, and publication of the retrospectively obtained and anonymized data in this non-interventional study, as permitted under Article 32, Chap. 3 of the Wuhan University’s Ethical Review Regulations ( ). All study methods complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable laws and regulations.

: According to local conventions, informed consent was obtained verbally before participation.Only participants who selected “I agree to participate” participated in the survey. Participants provided consent for their involvement in the study and the use of their data for publication. They were fully informed that their anonymity would be ensured, that their data would be used solely for research purposes, and that there were no risks associated with their participation.