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Authors
Hu, Su-Tao
Zhang, Yu-Kun
Gu, Tian-Shu
Zhang, Jing-Kun
Wu, Xue
Liu, Xing
Shao, Xian
Wang, Lin
Lip, Gregory Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-1626
Liu, Tong
Chen, Kang-Yin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project
project of Tianjin Health and Technology
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Institutional Review Board of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University waived the need of obtaining informed consent.
