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Authors
Hecker, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-3094
Berger, Birgit
Frahm, Niklas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-774X
Heidler, Felicita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-958X
Barhoum, Bassel
Suntah, Avinash Mohnish
Brüggemann, Finn
Grothe, Matthias
Zettl, Uwe Klaus
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2024
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: MH received speaking fees and travel funds from Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Merck Healthcare, Novartis and Teva. NF received travel funds for research meetings from Novartis. MG received honoraria, speaking fees and research funding from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva as well as BMBF and DFG. UKZ received research support, speaking fees and travel funds from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck Healthcare, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and Teva as well as the European Union, BMBF, BMWi and DFG. BBe, FH, BBa, AMS and FB declare that they have no competing interests.
: This research was conducted with approvals by the ethics committees of the University of Rostock and of the State Medical Association of Thuringia (permit numbers A 2014-0089 and A 2019-0048). The studies were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The patients participated on a voluntary basis, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the data collection.
